Sombre rock chat Oenanthe dubia

A nondescript gray-brown chat with a highly localized distribution. The most important identification feature is the dark brown undertail with pale fringes on each feather. Also note the dark breast and dark brown tail. Found very locally in rocky areas with scattered trees, primarily lava fields. Very similar to Blackstart and Brown-tailed Chat, and best distinguished by the dark undertail with pale fringes. The song is a continuous jumble of twittering and nasal notes.