Sao Francisco Sparrow Arremon franciscanus

Handsome, poorly-known sparrow with a bright olive back and a black-and-white face pattern. Note the yellow bill with a black upper ridge. Has a restricted distribution in the Sao Francisco valley, where it is found in scrubby areas of caatinga, usually foraging on the ground. The song is a series of high-pitched, vibrant notes: “twip-twip tsip-tsip-tsip-tsip.”