Kara Gerdanlı Dikenkuyruk Synallaxis castanea

Bright rufous bird with a long, spiky tail and black lores and throat. Sexes similar; juvenile lacks black throat. Mostly in pairs or family groups low to the ground. Fairly common in higher cloud forests, mostly in bamboo patches along roads or forest edges. Very vocal and easy to hear, a two to six note “kik, kik, kik-kik kik,” ascending and building in volume, often given repetitively for long periods. No similar species in range. Endemic to the Coastal Cordillera of Venezuela.