Weißkehl-Stachelschwanz Premnoplex tatei

Active, small white-spotted dark-brown bird with white throat and spiky tail. Sexes similar. Locally fairly common in Paria region, uncommon in Caripe area. Usually foraging alone or in pairs, family groups, or mixed species flocks in mossy understory of cloud forest, often rich in palms. Easiest to find by song, a series of bubbling notes, especially in the morning when vocally active. No similar species in range. Endemic to the Turimiquire and Paria regions of northeastern Venezuela.