A conspicuous blackbird of open country in western Ecuador, western Peru, and far southwestern Colombia. Most common at lower elevations, but also reaches some higher Andean valleys. Plumage is all black, and in bright light it may show a slight bluish sheen. Very similar to male Shiny Cowbird but larger, with a longer bill and usually less iridescent feathers. Song is a series of loud whistles, usually given from an exposed perch; may hold head vertically and bob up and down while singing.