Large, brightly patterned sparrow endemic to highlands in south-central Mexico. Found in brushy understory, flower banks, and overgrown fields in pine-oak and pine-evergreen forest. Rather skulking, but often feeds along field edges or quiet roadsides, especially early and late in the day; sings from bushes and low trees, but often quite hidden. Note the boldly striped head, rusty cap, and bright white throat contrasting with a broad black collar. Varied calls and songs are often loud, unlike high-pitched vocalizations of rather similar Chestnut-capped Brushfinch.