A long-tailed, medium-sized lark with a red cap. Varies geographically, with highland forms being darker and more richly colored and lowland forms looking more washed out, but all forms show a red or rufous cap and usually some black on the side of the breast. Found in montane grassland, agricultural fields, and semi-desert, often in flocks. Separated from other larks by the red cap and black patch on the side of the neck. The song consists of short chatty phrases, often repeated, and is usually given in flight. The calls include a rising whistle and a quick rattle.